In Uganda, agriculture provides livelihoods for more than 80 per cent of the country’s households. Despite its huge potentials in this sector, the country remains among the poorest in the world. To improve rural development and enhance food security, Uganda must address inefficient farming practices, expand access to modern agricultural technology, diversify rural economies, and implement responsible land policies. Additionally, more than 90 per cent of the energy used in households comes from biomass. This heavy reliance contributes to massive deforestation, worsening climate change and air pollution. For these reasons, Uganda must embrace renewable sources, promote energy efficiency, increase the electrification of rural areas and mitigate climate risks.

Furthermore, Uganda is Africa’s largest refugee-receiving country, hosting over 1.5 million people, primarily from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Sudan. Uganda earned global recognition as a model country through its progressive approach to refugee issues, allowing refugees to work, access education, and move freely. However, further governance improvements are necessary to ensure the protection of human rights, especially for vulnerable groups like women and children, and to manage conflicts over natural resources. Therefore, developing inclusive policies and robust institutions is essential to combat corruption and promote social cohesion.